Tool 19 · Substructure · AASHTO LRFD 10.7 / 10.8

Pile Axial Capacity

Static-analysis capacity of a single pile through up to three soil layers: skin friction plus end bearing, nominal and factored, with a capacity-vs-depth curve. Driven piles use the API α-method in clay and the Meyerhof SPT method in sand; bored piles (drilled shafts) use the AASHTO α-method in clay and the O’Neill–Reese β-method in sand.

Pile

Diameter D0.60 m
Tip depth20 m
Groundwater depth2 m

Soil layers (top → down)

Layer 1
Thickness8 m
Unit weight γ18 kN/m³
Undrained Su75 kPa
SPT N6015
Layer 2
Thickness7 m
Unit weight γ18.5 kN/m³
Undrained Su120 kPa
SPT N6025
Layer 3
Thickness25 m
Unit weight γ19.5 kN/m³
Undrained Su200 kPa
SPT N6040

The pile tip may sit inside any layer; layers below the tip only matter if you deepen the pile. Bored piles ignore shaft friction in the top 1.5 m and the bottom one diameter in clay (GEC-10).

LRFD resistance factors

φ side0.35
φ tip0.35

Defaults follow AASHTO Table 10.5.5.2.3-1 / 10.5.5.2.4-1: driven static analysis φ ≈ 0.35; bored shafts φside ≈ 0.45–0.55, φtip ≈ 0.40–0.50 depending on soil and method. Adjust to your jurisdiction.

Capacity at tip depth

Factored φRn
kN
Nominal Rn
kN
Skin Rs
kN
End bearing Rp
kN

Capacity vs depth

skin Rs nominal Rn factored φRn

Breakdown at tip

SegmentMethodfs avg (kPa)R (kN)
Field notes

Static-analysis capacity is a preliminary number, not a design guarantee — on real jobs it gets confirmed or replaced by load tests, PDA/CAPWAP on driven piles, or Osterberg cells on large bored shafts, and the resistance factor rises with the quality of that verification (that is the whole logic of AASHTO Table 10.5.5.2.3-1). A few habits worth keeping: the Meyerhof SPT numbers here assume displacement piles — halve the shaft friction for H-piles; the O’Neill–Reese β already bakes depth into the coefficient, so resist the urge to also cap σ′v; and in the Gulf the layer that matters is usually the weak calcareous siltstone/mudstone below the sand — treat it as a cohesive material with a lab-derived Su rather than pushing the sand correlations past their range. Group effects, downdrag, uplift and lateral response are separate checks this tool deliberately leaves out.

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