Tools · Abutment sizer — spread footing

Abutment — first sizing

First sizing of a cantilever abutment on a spread footing. Set the superstructure reactions, height, abutment length and soil — the tool proposes footing dimensions that pass the classic stability checks (bearing, middle-third, sliding FS 1.5, overturning FS 2.0, Rankine earth pressure), and estimates the main reinforcement. Planning-level screening; wing walls, seismic and detailed RC checks belong to final design.

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Abutment — first sizing

Abutment sizer — spread footing

First sizing of a cantilever abutment on a spread footing. Set the superstructure reactions, height, abutment length and soil — the tool proposes footing dimensions that pass the classic stability checks (bearing, middle-third, sliding FS 1.5, overturning FS 2.0, Rankine earth pressure), and estimates the main reinforcement. Planning-level screening; wing walls, seismic and detailed RC checks belong to final design.

The tool grows the footing in 0.25 m steps until every stability check passes.
Section — to scale, with loads, bearing pressure & main bars
Proposed footing — width B
—m
Bearing qmax / qa—
Eccentricity e / (B/6)—
middle third
Sliding — required 1.5 / FS—
FS ≥ 1.5
Overturning — required 2.0 / FS—
FS ≥ 2.0
Main reinforcement PRELIMINARY
Stem — rear vertical—
Toe — bottom transverse—
Heel — top transverse—
Dead-load reaction (total)8000kN
20001600030000
Live-load reaction (total)2000kN
0500010000
Abutment height H8.0m
4812
Footing base to top of backfill / backwall.
Abutment length W12m
81420
Out-of-plane length; loads are spread over W (per-metre strip design).
Foundation soil
Dense sand / gravel: γ 19, φ 35°, q_a 400 kPa, μ 0.55. Backfill assumed same γ/φ.
Your footing width B5.0m
2.57.2512
Toe stays B/3; stem & footing thickness follow the H-based rules.
StepQuantityValueNote
Field notes — what to watch for

Sliding governs more abutments than overturning — if the base is short on friction, a shear key is cheaper than a longer heel. The soil parameters move the answer far more than any structural choice: φ of 30° versus 34° changes the pressure by a fifth. Spend your effort on the geotech report, not the concrete.

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Spread footingPile capacityBearing padExpansion jointLearnIntegral vs semi-integral abutments
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Learn more about abutments

This sizer covers the conventional cantilever abutment with bearings and an expansion joint. Many short and medium bridges now avoid both by making the deck continuous with the abutment. Read integral vs semi-integral abutments for how the two jointless types work, their length limits and when to choose them, and the substructure chapter of the Bridge Book for the full background. Related tools: spread footing, pile capacity, bearing pad, expansion joint.