Tool 23 · Loads · AASHTO LRFD 3.8 (9th ed.)

Wind Load on Bridges

Design wind pressure PZ = 2.56×10−6 V²KZGCD converted exactly to SI, with the exposure-category KZ profile, drag coefficients for superstructure and substructure, the 1.46 kN/m wind-on-live-load line, and the Strength III vertical wind pressure.

Wind climate

3-s gust speed V185 km/h (115 mph)

B = urban/suburban terrain, C = open country (default for most bridge sites), D = flat coastal exposure facing open water — the usual pick for sea crossings and corniche viaducts.

Structure

Height to mid-superstructure Z15 m
Exposed superstructure depth3.2 m

Girder + deck edge + barrier/parapet, the full solid strip the wind sees.

Span / tributary length45 m
Substructure exposed area30
Gust factor G1.00

Pressures & forces

PZ superstructure
kPa
Line load w
kN/m
Span force WS
kN
KZ
Substructure pressure (CD = 1.6)
Substructure force
Wind on live load WL (at 1.8 m above deck)1.46 kN/m
WL on this span
Vertical wind 0.96 kPa (Strength III)

Elevation

Field notes

The 9th-edition rewrite replaced the old base-pressure tables with this ASCE-style gust formula, and the practical consequence is that height and exposure now matter as much as the wind map: the same girder at Z = 60 m in exposure D sees roughly double the pressure it does at 10 m in exposure C. Use the mid-height of the exposed strip for Z, not the deck level. The 185/129/113 km/h presets are the generic 115/80/70 mph values — Gulf projects typically specify 3-s gusts around 160–190 km/h, but always take V from the project design criteria, not a default. Remember what this tool is not: anything flexible — spans past ~150 m, tall slender piers during staging, cable-supported decks — falls under aeroelastic effects (3.8.3), where buffeting and vortex response are analysed, not looked up. Staging cases with bare girders before the deck often govern the substructure and are worth a separate run with the full exposed depth of the girder line.

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