Tools · Single cast-in headed anchor — tension & shear

Anchor Bolt Designer

All ACI-318-style failure modes for one cast-in headed bolt: steel, concrete breakout, pullout and pryout — with edge-distance and cracked-concrete effects, and the tension–shear interaction verdict.

TheBridgeEng

Anchor Bolt Designer

Single cast-in headed anchor — tension & shear

All ACI-318-style failure modes for one cast-in headed bolt: steel, concrete breakout, pullout and pryout — with edge-distance and cracked-concrete effects, and the tension–shear interaction verdict.

Design code
Bolt
Grade (fᵤᵗₐ)
Concrete
Embedment hₑf150 mm
f′c
Edge cₐ₁ (shear dir.)150 mm
Edge cₐ₂ (perp.)far
Member depth h400 mm
Tension Nᵤ30 kN
Shear Vᵤ20 kN
Tension φNₙ
Shear φVₙ
Basis (SI, N–mm): φNₛₐ=0.75Aₛₑfᵤᵗₐ; Nₒ=10√f′c·hₑf¹⋅⁵ with Aₖc/Aₖco, ψₑd, ψc (1.0 cracked / 1.25 uncracked), φ=0.70; pullout 0.70·8Aₒᵣg·f′c; φVₛₐ=0.65·0.6Aₛₑfᵤᵗₐ; edge breakout Vₒ toward cₐ₁ with thickness and perpendicular-edge factors; pryout kₛₓ=1 (hₑf<65) or 2. Trilinear interaction N/φNₙ+V/φVₙ≤1.2. Aₛₑ=0.75·πd²/4 (coarse thread approx.), Aₒᵣg from standard heavy-hex heads. Verified against an independent Python implementation on 300 randomised cases (≤10⁻⁹) and hand-checked spot values. Not covered: anchor groups, eccentricity, supplementary reinforcement, seismic Ωₐ, stand-off, adhesive/expansion anchors. Preliminary design only.
Field notes — what to watch for

Concrete breakout, not steel, governs most real anchors — embedment depth and edge distance are the design variables that matter. If you can, size the anchor so steel governs: that failure is ductile and visible. Everything here is a single anchor; groups interact through overlapping cones and need the full Chapter 17 treatment.

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Eurocode and KDS

With Eurocode selected the anchor is checked to EN 1992-4. The failure modes are the same family as in ACI 318 Chapter 17, but the numbers behind them differ: characteristic resistances are divided by partial factors instead of being multiplied by φ, the steel factor depends on the bolt’s fuk/fyk ratio, and cracked or uncracked concrete is handled by separate coefficients for the cone, pull-out and edge modes rather than by a ψc multiplier. The edge breakout expression also brings in the anchor diameter and its load-bearing length in a different way. The biggest practical difference is the interaction: Eurocode uses a circular rule for steel and a 1.5-power rule for the concrete modes, both limited to 1.0, instead of the ACI trilinear sum with its 1.2 limit. Pry-out uses k8 = 1 or 2, the usual values, although EN 1992-4 leaves k8 to the product’s European Technical Assessment.

With KDS selected the anchor follows KDS 14 20 54, the Korean anchor code. It is built on the same concrete capacity method as ACI 318 Chapter 17, with the same φ factors (0.75 and 0.65 for ductile steel, 0.70 for concrete without supplementary reinforcement) and the same trilinear interaction, so for most inputs the numbers match the AASHTO / ACI view. The differences you can see are the cap on futa (1.9fya and 860 MPa), the alternative 5/3-power breakout cap for deep headed bolts, and the reduced edge distance used for edge breakout in thin, narrow members, which the ACI view of this page does not apply.

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