Reference Library

References worth bookmarking

A curated, opinionated shelf for practicing bridge engineers — US, European, Korean and Japanese practice side by side. Free public-domain material is linked in full; commercial standards are linked to their official homes only, never mirrored. Each entry notes what it is good for. Links verified reachable: 2026-08. 42 references · 15 jurisdictions.

00 · Most cited worldwide

The big five every bridge office leans on

If a project spec cites one of these, the rest of the design usually follows. Middle-East, South-Asian and many national codes are calibrated against them.

AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Store →AASHTO · USA · with the MBE for evaluation

The world’s benchmark highway-bridge code — the direct design basis in the US and the calibration reference for the Saudi SHC, Pakistan NHA practice, Abu Dhabi DMT manuals and more.

Eurocode suite (EN 1990–1999) Portal →European Commission JRC · official portal

EN 1990 basis, EN 1991-2 traffic loads, EN 1992/1993/1994 for concrete, steel and composite bridges — the second global pole; also the basis of Hong Kong’s SDM.

ACI concrete codes (318 · 343R) ACI →American Concrete Institute

ACI 318 for structural concrete plus ACI 343R analysis & design of concrete bridge structures.

AISC steel standards + NSBA bridge handbook primary codeAISC →AISC / NSBA · USA

AISC 360 and companions; the NSBA Steel Bridge Design Handbook itself is free (see the Free library).

FHWA bridge publications library freeFHWA →US FHWA · public domain

Design examples, geotechnical circulars, seismic manuals, preservation guides — the deepest free bridge bookshelf on the internet.

fib Model Code & bulletins fib →Fédération internationale du béton

The research bridge between Eurocode generations; bulletins on segmental, cable-supported and durability design.

01 · Free & open

Full documents you can read today

Everything here downloads legally at no cost.

FHWA LRFD Design Examples public domainOpen →FHWA-NHI · steel & prestressed girders

End-to-end worked designs: loads, distribution factors, proportioning, ratings. Our walkthrough below mirrors the steel example’s early steps.

FHWA publications & NHI manuals public domainOpen →FHWA

Reference manuals for the NHI courses plus the wider library.

NSBA Steel Bridge Design Handbook freeOpen →AISC / NSBA

19 volumes with worked examples — effectively a free graduate course in steel bridges.

PCI Bridge Design Manual (MNL-133) freeOpen →PCI · 4th edition

The precast/prestressed bible — registration, then free download.

NCEES FE reference handbook freeOpen →NCEES

The exact handbook supplied at the FE exam — pair it with our FE practice module.

NCHRP research reports freeOpen →TRB / National Academies

Thousands of downloadable reports — distribution factors, integral abutments, LRFR calibration and more.

02 · United States · design

The AASHTO ecosystem

What US design offices buy, in citation order.

AASHTO LRFD BDS + Manual for Bridge Evaluation Open →AASHTO

Design spec plus the MBE for load rating — our LRFR tool follows the MBE flow.

AISC Steel Construction Manual & 360 Open →AISC

Member design, connections, stability — referenced by AASHTO for steel details.

ACI 318 & 343R Open →ACI

Structural concrete plus the bridge-specific 343R guide.

PTI DC45.1 — stay cable design Open →Post-Tensioning Institute

The US recommendation for stay-cable testing, design and installation — companion to our catenary tool.

03 · United States · inspection & maintenance

NBIS, BIRM and the preservation stack

US bridge maintenance is governed by federal regulation — and almost all of it is free to read.

NBIS — 23 CFR 650 Subpart C regulationOpen →US Code of Federal Regulations · current text

The National Bridge Inspection Standards: inspector qualifications, risk-based inspection intervals (12/24/48/72 months), QC/QA duties. The 2022 final rule modernized the whole program.

Bridge Inspector’s Reference Manual (BIRM 2023) manualOpen →FHWA-NHI-23-024 · full PDF

The national inspection textbook, revised for the 2022 NBIS — procedures and evaluation for every component and material.

SNBI — Specifications for the National Bridge Inventory specOpen →FHWA · March 2022

How every US bridge is coded and reported: condition ratings, elements, appraisal — supersedes the old Coding Guide.

FHWA bridge inspection portal portalOpen →FHWA

Memoranda and guidance: NSTM inspection, intervals, weathering-steel findings, compliance reviews.

AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE) Open →AASHTO

Load rating (LRFR), permits and posting — the evaluation half of the AASHTO pair.

04 · Europe

Eurocode, Sétra and fib

Eurocodes official portal Open →European Commission JRC

EN 1990–1999 structure, national annexes, free background documents.

Cerema / Sétra English guides freeOpen →France · incl. CIP cable-stay recommendations

The famous French guides in English — cable stays (CIP), footbridge dynamics, prestressing — many free PDFs.

fib bulletins Open →fib

Model Code lineage plus specialist bulletins.

05 · United Kingdom

DMRB

Design Manual for Roads and Bridges primary codeOpen →National Highways · free online

The complete UK trunk-road standard — CS/CD series for structures design, assessment and inspection, all readable at no cost.

06 · East Asia

KDS, 도로교시방서, JSCE and the Hong Kong SDM

China’s JTG series (JTG D60 loads and companions) is sold through China Communications Press without an open portal — we link only official free or purchasable sources.

KDS 24 / KCS 24 — 한국 교량 설계기준 primary codeOpen →국가건설기준센터 · free

The Korean bridge design (KDS 24) and construction (KCS 24) codes — full text free on the national portal.

도로교시방서 — JRA Specifications for Highway Bridges Open →일본도로협회 · R7 (2025) revision

Japan’s five-volume highway bridge specification — the seismic volume (V) is world-reference material.

JSCE standard specifications (English) referenceOpen →Japan Society of Civil Engineers

English editions of the JSCE concrete specifications.

Hong Kong — Structures Design Manual for Highways & Railways primary manualOpen →HyD · 2013 edition, amended to 2023

Hong Kong’s bridge manual, migrated from BS 5400 to a Eurocode basis with local wind and temperature overlays — full text free on the official portal.

07 · Middle East

DMT manuals and the Saudi Highway Code

Regional practice is AASHTO-calibrated with local loading, durability and environment overlays.

Abu Dhabi DMT — Road Structures Design Manual (TR-516) primary manualOpen →Department of Municipalities & Transport · official PDF

Abu Dhabi’s bridge and structures design manual — AASHTO LRFD-based with emirate-specific loads, clearances and durability, hosted on the official QCC standards portal.

Abu Dhabi MUTCD (TR-511) supportingOpen →DMT · 4th edition 2024

Traffic control for works on Abu Dhabi roads — a construction-stage companion. Dubai’s RTA design manuals are issued to registered consultants via RTA rather than published openly.

Saudi Highway Code (SHC) portal primary codeOpen →Roads General Authority · official

The full SHC set: SHC 310 bridge & tunnel design (aligned to AASHTO LRFD 9th), SHC 402 construction, SHC 501/502 pavement and bridge maintenance & management systems.

08 · South Asia

IRC, NHA and RHD

The IRC series is among the most-cited code families in Asia; Pakistan and Bangladesh design to AASHTO-family loads with local overlays.

IRC:6-2017 — Loads & load combinations primary codeOpen →Indian Roads Congress · Section II

Class A / 70R live loads, combinations and impact — the regional counterpart to AASHTO Section 3.

IRC:112 — Concrete road bridges primary codeOpen →IRC · limit-state concrete code

The unified limit-state concrete bridge code that replaced IRC:18 & 21.

IRC:24-2010 — Steel road bridges primary codeOpen →IRC · Section V

Limit-state steel bridge design; explicitly cross-references BS EN 1993-2.

IRC:5-2015 — General features of design primary codeOpen →IRC · Section I

Clearances, waterway, alignment, skew limits — the front door of the IRC bridge series.

IRC SP:105 — Explanatory handbook to IRC:112 handbookOpen →IRC

Clause-by-clause commentary with design aids for IRC:112.

Pakistan NHA — Code & General Specifications primary docsOpen →National Highway Authority · official documents page

NHA Code 2005 volumes and the General Specifications. Bridge live loads follow the West Pakistan Code of Practice for Highway Bridges (Class A / AA military loading) combined with current AASHTO LRFD.

Bangladesh RHD — Bridge Design Standards primary docsOpen →Roads & Highways Department · official PDF

RHD’s bridge standards drawing on AASHTO with local hydraulic clearances and railway-authority requirements.

09 · ETC

CSA S6, AS 5100 and the NZTA Bridge Manual

CSA S6 — Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code Open →CSA Group

Limit-states code with a strong durability and rehabilitation focus.

AS 5100 — Australian bridge design Open →Standards Australia

The AS 5100 series covering loads, concrete, steel and geotech for bridges.

NZTA Bridge Manual (SP/M/022) primary manualOpen →Waka Kotahi · 3rd ed., Amendment 4 (2022)

New Zealand’s full bridge design and evaluation manual — free to download, with a strong seismic and evaluation focus.

Walkthrough 01

Steel plate girder — from geometry to rating factor

A representative two-lane composite steel plate-girder interior span, in the spirit of the FHWA steel example: S = 2.97 m · L = 36.6 m · ts = 215 mm · Nb = 5 · de = 0.90 m. Every step opens a tool pre-loaded with these numbers — change anything and the chain recomputes. Values are indicative; always verify against the source example and the governing code.

  1. Compute the live-load distribution factors for the interior and exterior girders — moment and shear, one and multiple lanes, with Kg computed from the trial section. Open DF tool preset →
  2. Build the HL-93 per-lane envelope for the 36.6 m simple span: design truck vs tandem plus lane load, IM on axles only. Read off max +M and max |V|. Open HL-93 tool (set L₁ = 36.6) →
  3. From the HL-93 result page press “Send governing M & V to load rating” — the per-lane demand carries across automatically.
  4. In the rating tool, enter the girder capacities and dead-load effects, set g from step 1, and read the Strength-I inventory and operating RF. RF ≥ 1.0 at inventory means the section carries HL-93 at full design reliability. Open rating preset →
  5. Sanity-check the girder depth against the AASHTO traditional minimum band, and the section properties against the trial plate sizes. Girder depth → Section props →
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